Авг 16 2008
Система стабилизации движения
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Система ESP (Electronic Stability Programme), или система стабилизации движения, призвана помогать водителю в сложных ситуациях, когда возможна или уже произошла потеря управляемости автомобилем. Система ESP для этого задействует антиблокировочную (ABS), антипробуксовочную систему с контролем тяги (ASC+T) и также систему управления дроссельной заслонкой (ETCS). ESP — это довольно сложная система, помогающая водителю «выбраться сухим из воды».
ESP притормаживает отдельные колеса и тем самым стабилизирует движение. ESP может сработать, когда водитель перестарается в повороте с педалью акселератора. При этом из-за большой скорости при прохождении правого поворота передние колеса сносит с заданной траектории в направлении действия сил инерции. Другими словами, автомобиль несет по большему радиусу, чем радиус поворота. В этом случае будет подторможено заднее колесо, которое идет по внутреннему радиусу, благодаря чему автомобиль впишется в поворот. Вместе с подтормаживанием колеса ESP понизит обороты двигателя — для этого ей и нужна связь с ETCS.
Если в повороте занесет корму (заднюю часть) автомобиля, то ESP притормозит переднее левое колесо, которое идет по наружному радиусу поворота. С помощью такой несложной манипуляции ESP исключает боковой занос.
Когда же скользят все четыре колеса, тогда ESP действует согласно алгоритму, заложенному разработчиком, но в любом случае она будет в определенной последовательности притормаживать колеса автомобиля.
На черном автомобиле установлена ESP, а на светлом — нет. В положении 1 оба автомобиля стабильны. Затем автомобили начинают выполнять маневр. В положении 2 у черного автомобиля срабатывает ESP и его положение стабилизируется, светлый автомобиль выносит с трассы. В положении 3 светлому автомобилю уже ничем не поможешь, а вот у черного опять срабатывает ESP и помогает стабилизироваться (положение Как действует ESP
Система ESP позволяет компенсировать ошибки начинающего водителя, практически полностью исключая занос, даже в тех ситуациях, когда, казалось бы, управление автомобилем уже потеряно. На сегодняшний день ESP является наиболее эффективной системой безопасности. Но и ESP не панацея — она не может преодолеть законы физики и сделать невозможное. Например, если радиус поворота слишком мал, а скорость вхождения в поворот огромна, никакая ESP вам не поможет, поэтому ESP — это хорошо, а «дружить с головой» нужно всегда.
В завершение этой главы хочу привести один факт из истории развития ESP В 1997 году она была применена на серийном Mercedes-Benz А-класса. Но при проектировании были допущены ошибки, поэтому при выполнении «лосиного» теста (тест на объезд препятствия) машина была склонна к опрокидыванию даже не на очень высокой скорости. А все из-за неправильно работающей ESP Тогда очень много «мерседесов» было отозвано на усовершенствование. Это еще один довод в пользу того, что не нужно полностью полагаться на электронику. Ведь она действует по алгоритму, который разработал человек, а человеку свойственно ошибаться.
Метки:автомобиль, ключ, машина, мост, низ, педаль, пол, система, скорость, тормоз
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